Moments after the renowned Scholar and ex-Minister of External Affairs, Prof. Bolaji Akinyemi, left Chief MKO Abiola’s sprawling mansion in Ikeja, Lagos that night, the man who won the famed June 12 presidential election was arrested! The house had already been surrounded by security
forces. It was the last time he saw Chief Abiola.
In this interview with Paul Ukpabio and Biodun Adeyewa, the elder statesman and professor of Political Science, relives his last moments with the late business mogul turned politician. He also tells us what June
12 means in present day Nigeria and the lifestyle he has chosen at
77.
We just had the anniversary of June 12. Can you reflect a little on that political date in our history, many years after?
June 12 over the years as a movement has become
different things. Actually we cannot talk about actualization of June 12 in the
sense of MKO Abiola being president. But his election has been recognized by
being given the Grand Commander of the Federal Republic which is an honour
reserved for and only people who have been Heads of State. I can only think of
one exception up till now and that is Chief Obafemi Awolowo on whom it was
conferred by Alhaji Shehu Shagari. So the conferment of the GCFR on him has
actually actualized June 12.
What else does the date mean to you?
June 12 has also become an embodiment of civilian rule.
And that we have had since 1999. You will notice that I didn’t say an
embodiment of democracy that is because we have had civilian rule but we have
not had democracy. So that is the third leg to me of June 12. Nigeria being a
democratic country is a work in progress. We don’t have a democracy in Nigeria.
We have civilian rule. We don’t have a democracy because we have never really
had an uncontested, free, fair, transparent election. I was a member of the
electoral committee that was set up by President Yardua under Justice Uwais
former CJN and Yardua told us that his election was not free and fair. He made
that confession. Democracy is government of the people by the people for the
people. It is not just a cliché! It is true! All the indices since 1999, low
standard of education, low standard of infrastructure, low standard of health
care all goes to show that Nigerian lifestyle has been falling, which means we
haven’t had democracy for the people. And on the contrary, there has been governance,
against the people. So June 12 to me it’s still work in progress in these other
areas I have mentioned.
Can we say that June 12 is still relevant?
June 12 was an actualization of a united nation or a
united country. I would not want to get into an argument of whether we are a
nation or a country. Ofcourse I am a Professor of Political Science so I know
what those words mean! But that day June 12, we crossed all the divides. The
religious divide and the social divide in the sense that, both the rich and the
poor took part in an election that had the two candidates being
multi-millionaires and Nigerians voted for the richest of them. So it was not
about the rich versus the poor. So we overcame that social divide, we overcame
that class divide. After all, Abiola’s campaign manifesto was farewell to
poverty.
When I was leaving The Nigerian Institute of
International Affairs, I gave a lecture which was titled ‘farewell to policy.’
And there have been other people who have written books on farewell to war,
farewell to peace, farewell to this and that. If Abiola’s campaign manifesto
said farewell to poverty and Abiola was voted for, it means that Nigerians
meant to abortion poverty in this country. But we have not abolished it, so
June 12 is still relevant.
If you look at Nigeria in 1993 and then Nigeria of
present date, then you will probably agree with the title of Chinua Achebe’s
book, ‘there was once a country,’ even if you do not agree with the content of
the book, now, there is no country! So June 12 has all those things which it
symbolizes to achieve.
Now can we say the June 12 struggle is
over?
June 12 has not finished, we are just starting what I
think is the second leg! We must make a confession that somewhere along the
line, we lost our bearing and now, we have a divided country. Divided on social
lines, religious lines and all the cleavages have gotten deeper now, than they
were on that June 12. So June 12 will always be a work in progress.
Has the struggle for June 12 been worth it?
Oh yes! It has been worth it. At times not
deliberately, but due to circumstances beyond control, a nation develops a
vision which becomes a beacon by which such a nation can be guided. The beacon
will navigate the nation to what it should be. June 12 has become our beacon.
If I were still teaching in the university, I would have got a PhD student to
write on June 12 as a beacon for nation building because all those things that
form the pillars of June 12 are things for which we need to do in a nation to
build a nation, to guide a nation, better health, better infrastructure, better
education and whatever it is. Take any United Nations report, you will find the
indices for social development there and those are the things that nations work
towards. So June 12 is not just about MKO Abiola. But history will record that
he had the fortune that, wherever you mention Abiola, people will mention June
12 and wherever you mention June 12, people will mention Abiola.
What can you say about the personality of
Abiola?
Abiola as far as June 12 is concerned, was not a
reckless man. He was a brave man. He was a hero. What makes me say this, there
was a military government in power, you go to Epetedo, and you claim your
mandate and declare yourself President of the country? Yes, it was a moral
stand, but you know that the last thing anybody does is to challenge the
military. Unless ofcourse you are ready to forfeit your life. So he knew that
there was going to be a pushback by General Abacha. And he knew it was going to
be a dangerous pushback. Nadeco advised him not to do so because, we believed
that the pushback was going to be a difficult one. It was a personal decision
by him. In order words, he was ready to make himself a sacrificial lamb for
democracy. To do that, normally he would have been expected to make alternate
plans to leave the country. NADECO made plans for him through the NADECO route
out of the country. He could have taken that route out. Secondly, he was a rich
man. He could have had his private jet waiting for him at Cotonou to fly out
before the military could get to him. But he said No, he would not leave the
country; that he was going to face the consequences. That to me is heroism. It
is bravery. Option C was for him to go to an embassy and take up asylum. And
the Americans were prepared to offer him asylum. I know this. I am telling you
things that I was involved in. He said No, he would stay in Nigeria and face
the consequences. He declared and went into a secured flat. But after sometime,
he was fed up and decided to go home, even when he knew that security forces
were looking for him all over town. And so he had that triumphant procession
down Ikorodu road, his last free public appearance. Back at home, it didn’t
take time before that house was surrounded by security forces. Again I know
this because I was involved.
What happened next?
Chief Doyin Okupe is still alive; he and I were the
last two persons that were with Chief MKO Abiola, in the sitting room of Chief
Bisi Abiola his wife. Already the entire place had been surrounded by security
forces. He had an interview with the BBC describing what was happening around
him. It was my phone that he used. I even joked with him that, ‘you are the
richest man in Nigeria, and there is no credit on your line and you now have to
get the phone of a poor professor.’ We laughed about it. So he used my phone to
tell the BBC that he was in his house and did not know what was going to happen
to him, that his house is surrounded by security forces, and that there were
going to break in any time. After the interview with the BBC, he said to me,
‘Prof, you better leave!’ And I said, ‘Bashorun, why?’ He said, ‘this place is
surrounded by the police, they are going to break in at any time. Prof you are
too gentle to suffer roughness at the hands of these people.’ So I said,
‘okay.’ Then he said other things to me which till today, I have kept to
myself. So I thanked him and left him with Chief Doyin Okupe. Though, I don’t
know whether someone else went in after I had left. Ofcourse, as soon as I left
him inside the compound, I ran into the hands of the police. Their commanders
were surprised. They asked me ‘Prof what are you doing here?’ I replied that I
came there to see Bashorun. They looked at me and one of them said, ‘Look Prof,
things are tough! Anyway, let us search your car.” I told them this is a small Renault
car; I would not even fit into the booth, not to talk of Chief MKO Abiola. He
told me, ‘Look, if we don’t search it and Abiola disappears, they will say that
it was in your car that he was carried away.’ So I told them to search it,
after all it was only the spare tyre which was there and had already taken 80%
of the space in the boot. So they allowed me to go while he was arrested that
same night.
Abiola seemed so sure that he would be
arrested?
He knew what he was doing and knew the price. When the
issue of bail arose, he was not prepared to accept the conditions of the bail.
When Abacha died and Emeka Anyaoku and Koffi Annan came and told him that they
will guarantee his release, if he will give up his mandate, by then Abiola had
already spent four years in jail and solitary confinement. According to him, he
was not allowed to see the sky, but he still refused the temptation. Are you
aware of the letter Chief MKO Abiola wrote Chief Gani Fawehinmi two days before
he died? What struck me was that here was a man that the world should stand up
and say, ‘here was a man!’ That letter shows the character of Abiola. He was a
valiant man. We really don’t tend to see that part of him.
Did you see Chief MKO Abiola after that
night that he was arrested?
No, I didn’t. I never saw him again. As a stalwart
NADECO, I had to leave the country shortly after that, to go and establish
NADECO abroad.
But was NADECO there for him till his last
moments?
We never betrayed him. Even when there was going to be
the Abdulsalam transition. The reason some of us refused to take appointments
in that new government was because, it was too soon and we saw that it would
have amounted to a betrayal of MKO Abiola.
With all that you have said, will President
Buhari trying to right the wrongs against June 12, bring the country together?
At the time President Buhari did it last year, I
congratulated him. I still do because; it was a good move on his part. It was
needed. The country needed it. He read the mood of the country rightly. Some people
have said that he was playing politics and my reply is, ‘so what?’ If a man
decides to come and build an airport in my village and I say it is politics,
will I reject it? No! Politicians play politics all the time. I
don’t think there is any politician that does anything without thinking about
how it would benefit him as a public figure. He could have refused to do it,
after all, he was not and is still not the only post June 12 President. Others
had their reasons why they didn’t do it. But he did it.
But has that united us?
Has the country gained the maximum values that we could
have gained out of it? The answer is no! The cleavages in the country are not
only still there, they are wider as we talk now. June 12 was the emergence of a
new Nigeria. But now the drums of war are beating, the drums of secession are
beating and they are not localized. June 12 marked the embodiment of farewell
to poverty. Are we richer now than we were in 1993, no, we are not! So, this is
a second term for the President. And if you ask me for an agenda for him, I
think he just has to tackle the issues that divide us. All what makes June 12
relevant, are the things that we should do or else. People have warned, people
whose voices can be heard in international community louder than mine have
warned, that the rain which has started falling on our heads has now become a
hurricane, that is tearing us apart. That must be addressed. The issues of:
health, education, unemployment, infrastructure and others. John F. Kennedy
once said that, ‘if the poor cannot sleep because they are hungry, the rich
cannot sleep because they are afraid of the poor who are awake!’ Or as our
fathers would say, in this part of the world, ‘the cock has alighted on the
wire, both the wire and the cock will not be in peace.’ Ediye ba lokun
ara ro okun ara ro adiye .
Do you miss academic life, are you still
teaching?
I am retired for reasons of age and also we have a bad
system in this country. There was a time when one of the Vice Chancellors
approached me if I would like to come back and teach a course or two. I agreed
and even offered to teach free of charge. Of course you can’t employ someone in
the university without taking the issue through the department, faculty and
then the senate. Surprisingly, it was my former colleagues in my former
department in the university who vetoed it and said ‘no, we don’t need him.’
But this short sighted is not only directed to me personally.
In 1975, I took a concept to General Murtala Mohammed who was head of state at that time. I said to him, ‘you are retiring these people, can we copy the American module whereby some of these permanent secretaries who have had 15, or 20 or more years of experience, preparing budgets, implementation of budgets and things like that or persons who have been handling policies in the ministries or in a ministry like foreign affairs and know about conflict resolution could return to the university and get funded, it may not be part of the university budgets, but an extra budgetary allocation for them and even build a place for them in the universities so that their experience can then be used. If somebody is a permanent secretary at the ministry of finance for over 10 years, he does not need a text book to teach a student how to prepare a budget or teach the students about the constraints in implementing a budget or what often leads to supplementary budget. Murtala jumped at the idea. He thought it was brilliant because at that time the people that were being retired were in their forties and a few in their fifties. It was the universities that told us to get lost with the idea!
They said ‘no, we decided to be scholars, while they decided to be public servants! Therefore, the two will never meet.’ Whereas in the United States, when one administration leaves the office, the assistant secretary of state ends up in the university to teach there: When the party comes back to power, the incoming president knows where to turn to because they are already there. Not that they will leave one administration to go home and vegetate. So this shortsightedness on the part of the university community is still there, But you know the interesting thing, the private universities are now benefiting from it using professors who have retired from federal and state universities to their favour!
In 1975, I took a concept to General Murtala Mohammed who was head of state at that time. I said to him, ‘you are retiring these people, can we copy the American module whereby some of these permanent secretaries who have had 15, or 20 or more years of experience, preparing budgets, implementation of budgets and things like that or persons who have been handling policies in the ministries or in a ministry like foreign affairs and know about conflict resolution could return to the university and get funded, it may not be part of the university budgets, but an extra budgetary allocation for them and even build a place for them in the universities so that their experience can then be used. If somebody is a permanent secretary at the ministry of finance for over 10 years, he does not need a text book to teach a student how to prepare a budget or teach the students about the constraints in implementing a budget or what often leads to supplementary budget. Murtala jumped at the idea. He thought it was brilliant because at that time the people that were being retired were in their forties and a few in their fifties. It was the universities that told us to get lost with the idea!
They said ‘no, we decided to be scholars, while they decided to be public servants! Therefore, the two will never meet.’ Whereas in the United States, when one administration leaves the office, the assistant secretary of state ends up in the university to teach there: When the party comes back to power, the incoming president knows where to turn to because they are already there. Not that they will leave one administration to go home and vegetate. So this shortsightedness on the part of the university community is still there, But you know the interesting thing, the private universities are now benefiting from it using professors who have retired from federal and state universities to their favour!
When we were coming in we saw the building
closest to the gate, what is it?
Oh, that is my library, the seal I put there was the
seal of the National Conference that I took part in, 2014. My intention was to
open the library to scholars in international relations who could be looking
for materials for their Masters of PhD degree but it is not fully operational
yet.
What do you do in your spare time these
days, we know you are retired?
I often get invitations to lecture abroad. And I do
that but not on a permanent basis.
We were here in the past, and saw different
animals that you keep. Are you still breeding those animals?
My animals are still there. They are a permanent
feature of the Peacock Place. There are peacocks, antelopes, deer, geese,
turkey and the others.
How about socials, do you still have time
for it?
I get invitations, there are some that I can accept,
there are organizations and societies that confer honours on me and I accept
some of those and attend some of them. There are also some who invite me to
chair their activities. If it is convenient I accept and attend.
Do students still disturb you?
(He laughs) Oh, I don’t see it as disturbance. Yes,
students still approach me to interview me for their projects. I welcome that
because basically, I am a teacher at heart. I welcome the opportunity to
interact with students, the young, to pass on the knowledge that was passed on
to me when I was a student.
Over the years, you have kept this
gentleman’s style of appearance. Always corporate, some people would think that
as you get on with age that you will perhaps dress down a little. Are you going
to change sometime soon?
Why should I change? It is part of me. It is part of my
branding. I find it convenient; I am at ease with this style. But then, one doesn’t
know tomorrow, but I am at ease with it right now.
What’s the secret of your longevity?
(Laughs) What do you mean longevity; I open newspapers
and still see people in their 80s and 90s! I am not 80 yet, I’m moving towards
it. Though it is a serious issue that you have raised! Why should we in Nigeria
of 2019 regard 77 as longevity. Yes, it is above median lifespan in Nigeria and
Africa. But in Europe it is not so. If one does not over stress himself, one
can live longer. Though, there are several ways whereby we overstress ourselves
in this country, which can be avoided.
(This interview was first published by The Nation newspaper, last week Saturday)
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